The “Shahnameh,” or “Book of Kings,” is an epic poem recounting tales of semi-mythical Persian rulers and heroes, from the beginning of the world to the Islamicization of Iran in the seventh century. Finally written down in the 10th century by the poet Firdousi in more than 50,000 lines of verse, versions of the stories have been passed down orally for generations. Public storytellers perform the sweeping tales for the enjoyment and education of their rapt audiences, in the palaces of queens and in the dusty streets of poor villages.

The text provides key information on the shaping of Persian identity in both literature and art, and points to the importance of cultural heritage in the negotiation of socio-political control. Hundreds of years after the text was written down, later kings were eager to link their own family trees with the unbroken line of Persian rulers recited in the text, however dubious the actual connection. To be part of this great chain of nobility was not only a social distinction, but also fueled a dynasty’s claim to rule greater Persia (modern Iran, Afghanistan, and parts of Central Asia and the Caucasus).

As works of art, there are myriad copies of the “Shahnameh.” Many are lavish creations which could only have been produced in royal workshops, for the eyes of a privileged few. Our folios — masterfully painted, and touched with gold — would have been part of a manuscript whose access was once restricted to the purchaser, and his or her inner circle. Yet, as a story, the “Shahnameh” is a vibrant part of the cultural heritage of greater Iran. Its characters, tales, and quotations have all found their way into contemporary culture, imbuing it with deep connections to Persia’s literary past, and available to all.